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Once you sign in to the Passwords app, it automatically fills in your usernames and passwords so you can access frequently used apps and websites on your mobile device.
The first serious run of KataGo ran for 7 days in Februrary 2019 on up to 35xV100 GPUs. This is the run featured in the paper. It achieved close to LZ130 strength before it was halted, or up to just barely superhuman.
Following some further improvements and much-improved hyperparameters, KataGo performed a second serious run in May-June a max of 28xV100 GPUs, surpassing the February run after just three and a half days. The run was halted after 19 days, with the final 20-block networks reaching a final strength slightly stronger than LZ-ELFv2! (This is Facebook's very strong 20-block ELF network, running on Leela Zero's search architecture). Comparing to the yet larger Leela Zero 40-block networks, KataGo's network falls somewhere around LZ200 at visit parity, despite only itself being 20 blocks.
從論文裡面可以看到，跟 Leela Zero 一樣是逐步提昇 (應該也是用 Net2Net)，而不是一開始就拉到 20x256：
In KataGo’s main 19-day run, (b, c) began at (6, 96) and switched to (10, 128), (15, 192), and (20, 256), at roughly 0.75 days, 1.75 days, and 7.5 days, respectively. The final size approximately matches that of AlphaZero and ELF.
訓練速度上會有這麼大的改善，分成兩個類型，一種是一般性的 (在「Major General Improvements」這章)，另外一類是特定於圍棋領域的改進 (在「Major Domain-Specific Improvements」這章)。
在 Leela Zero 的 issue tracking 裡面也可以看到很多關於 KataGo 的消息，看起來作者也在裡面一起討論，應該會有一些結果出來...
沒有太意外是使用 Leela Zero + Lizzle，畢竟這是 open source project，在軟體與資料的取得上相當方便，而且在好的硬體上已經可以超越人類頂尖棋手。
由於在 Lizzle 的介面上可以看到勝率，以及 Leela Zero 考慮的下一手 (通常會有多個選點)，而且當游標移到這些選點上以後，還會有可能的變化圖可以看，所以對於棋手在熟悉操作介面後，可以很快的擺個變化圖，然後讓 Leela Zero 分析後續的發展，而棋手就可以快速判斷出「喔喔原來是這樣啊」。
KAISER will affect performance for anything that does system calls or interrupts: everything. Just the new instructions (CR3 manipulation) add a few hundred cycles to a syscall or interrupt. Most workloads that we have run show single-digit regressions. 5% is a good round number for what is typical. The worst we have seen is a roughly 30% regression on a loopback networking test that did a ton of syscalls and context switches.
With these VM results so far it's still a far cry from the "30%" performance hit that's been hyped up by some of the Windows publications, etc. It's still highly dependent upon the particular workload and system how much performance may be potentially lost when enabling page table isolation within the kernel.
