Backblaze 釋出 2023Q2 的硬碟報告

Backblaze 釋出了 2023Q2 的硬碟報告:「Backblaze Drive Stats for Q2 2023」。

看硬碟數量有破千顆的會比較準確,跟以前的趨勢差不多,HGST 與改牌到 WDC 的硬碟在第一梯隊,再來是 Toshiba,然後是 Seagate

特別被拿出來講的是 0% 死亡率的:

前面三顆 Drive Days 都夠高,還可以維持 0% 死亡率,算是可以選擇的型號?

另外比較特別的是 8TB 與 10TB 硬碟的死亡率比平均值高不少,不過文章裡面有提到 10TB 因為量太少所以跳過 (可能還在統計誤差的範圍):

Given there are relatively few 10TB drives (1,124) versus 8TB drives (24,891), let’s dig deeper into the 8TB drives models.

而 8TB 的資料可以看到這幾顆的狀況:

這邊算是提供要避開的型號?

Backblaze 的 2019 年度硬碟報告

Backblaze 丟出去年的報告了:「Backblaze Hard Drive Stats for 2019」。

WD/HGST 的還是最耐用,再來是 Toshiba 的,最後是 Seagate 的。

不過有一些硬碟沒有列到表上,像是「Seagate 16 TB Drives」這組因為 2019Q4 才剛裝上去,所以才 1440 drive days,因此還沒到門檻所以沒放進報告,但就 Backblaze 測試起來看起來是個好的開始:

In Q4 2019 we started qualifying Seagate 16 TB drives, model: ST16000NM001G. As of the end of Q4 we had 40 (forty) drives in operation, with a total of 1,440 drive days—well below our 5,000 drive day threshold for Q4, so they didn’t make the 2019 chart. There have been 0 (zero) failures through Q4, making the AFR 0%, a good start for any drive. Assuming they continue to pass our drive qualification process, they will be used in the 12 TB migration project and to add capacity as needed in 2020.

再來是把 2017/2018/2019 擺在一起看:

馬上可以看到的是 AFR 上升了不少,一個是因為 8TB 系列的硬碟進入中年期,另外是 Seagate 12TB 硬碟的問題:

The total AFR for 2019 rose significantly in 2019. About 75% of the different drive models experienced a rise in AFR from 2018 to 2019. There are two primary drivers behind this rise. First, the 8 TB drives as a group seem to be having a mid-life crisis as they get older, with each model exhibiting their highest failure rates recorded. While none of the rates is cause for worry, they contribute roughly one fourth (1/4) of the drive days to the total, so any rise in their failure rate will affect the total. The second factor is the Seagate 12 TB drives, this issue is being aggressively addressed by the 12 TB migration project reported on previously.

所以大原則還是跟以前差不多,沒有時間特別研究的話就先往 WD/HGST 這邊找...

Backblaze 的 2017 年硬碟年度報告

Backblaze 照慣例發表了 2017Q4 與 2017 全年的硬碟報告出來了:「Backblaze Hard Drive Stats for 2017」。

最重要就這三張圖表,第一張是 2017Q4 資料,第二張是從 2013/04 到 2017/12 的資料,第三張是這三年的資料 (2015/2016/2017):

我先說一下結論,因為這幾年幾乎都只採購 SeagateHGST 的硬碟,所以要用他們的資料判斷 WDToshiba 的硬碟已經沒有價值了。

唯一有價值的資料是 HGST 的硬碟比 Seagate 好不少,要做出其他結論的樣本數都不夠。

Backblaze 2015 年上半年的硬碟穩定度報告出爐了... (又黑了某公司一把)

Backblaze 這次丟出了 2015 年上半年的數據,標題雖然是寫 2015Q2,但文章裡有半年的統計資料:「Hard Drive Reliability Stats for Q2 2015」。

雖然都知道某公司的產品故障率偏高,但這樣是有仇嗎 XDDD

這是統計資料:

另外是 4TB 的歷史紀錄,右邊兩家的數字有點少啊,不過 45 顆硬碟壞一顆不就 2.x% 了嗎,這數字到底是怎麼出來的啊:

Etsy 用 SSD 的故事

EtsyLaurie Denness 對於 Etsy 使用各種品牌 SSD 的情況給出了他的經歷:「SSDs: A gift and a curse」。

重點在於開頭說的:

SSD firmware is buggy

可以看到當 SSD 配上 RAID controller 的時候,常常會需要找問題... (而且很難找)

Intel 的評價很不錯:

Okay, bad start, we’ve actually had no issues with Intel. This seems to be common across other companies we’ve spoken to.

OCZ 倒了,被 Toshiba 收購,而且 S.M.A.R.T. 資訊很差,很難預測什麼時候會掛掉 (有助於提前替換):

However, they had poor SMART info (none) so predicting failures was hard.

HP 是個大黑盒:

Unfortunately, HP have proprietary RAID controllers, and they don’t support SMART. Or rather, they refuse to talk to non-HP drives using off the shelf technology, they have their own methods.

Samsung 的評價不錯,C/P 值很高,而且有 S.M.A.R.T.:

Samsung saved the day and picked up from OCZ with a ludicrously cheap 960GB offering, the 840 EVO. A consumer drive, so very limited warranty, but for the price (~$400-500) you got great IOPS and they were reliable. They had better SMART info, and seemed to play nicely with our hardware.

不過 BB6Q 版的韌體搞爆了效能,雖然最後修好了:「Samsung Releases Firmware Update to Fix the SSD 840 EVO Read Performance Bug」。

LiteOn 則是掛在 GC 上 (RAID 裡同時掛掉兩顆以上):

The SSDs were having extended garbage collection periods, exacerbated by a smaller amount of SSDs with higher IO, in RAID6. This caused the controller to kick the drive out of the array… and unfortunately due to the write levelling across the drives, at least two of them were garbage collecting at the same time, destroying the array integrity.

不過後來 Dell 與 LiteOn 分別就 RAID controller 與 SSD 本身都跳下去修正,最後還是解決了:

Dell and LiteOn together identified and fixed weaknesses in their RAID controller, the backplane and the SSD firmware.

算是經驗分享,在 SSD 硬碟成熟的過程中間必經的道路 XD