remote – Page 2 – Gea-Suan Lin's BLOG

加州在四月將會開放無人自駕車上路了...

在 TechCrunch 看到加州要開放自駕車上路了：「California to allow testing of self-driving cars without a driver present」。

California’s Department of Motor Vehicles established new rules announced Monday that will allow tech companies and others working on driverless vehicle systems to begin trialling their cars without a safety driver at the wheel. The new rules go into effect starting April 2.

不過不是完全獨立運作，而是有附加條件，讓遠端的控制中心可以在必要時介入：

This doesn’t mean test vehicles will be out there on the roads without any kind of human intervention backup – the DMV will require that those testing autonomous cars without a driver present have a dedicated communications channel that ties the car to a remote operator, who can take over if needed. The cars will also need to be hardened against cyber attacks and be able to provide their owner and operator info to any other parties in the event of an accident.

馬上想到刷機 JB... XD

Dnsmasq 的安全性漏洞

Google 這次出手炸的好痛：「Behind the Masq: Yet more DNS, and DHCP, vulnerabilities」。

當需要在 client 端處理 DNS 的事情，有蠻多開發者都會選擇用 Dnsmasq 處理，這次直接拉出七個 CVE (編號 CVE-2017-13704 與 CVE-2016-{14491-14496})，其中三個是 RCE：

看了一下，Ubuntu 也推出更新了，接下來有一堆機器要升級 Dnsmasq... :o

最近 OpenVPN 的安全性漏洞...

看到「The OpenVPN post-audit bug bonanza」這個只有苦笑啊...

作者在 OpenVPN 經過一連串的安全加強後 (包括 harden 計畫與兩個外部單位的程式碼稽核找到不少問題)，決定出手挖看看：

After a hardening of the OpenVPN code (as commissioned by the Dutch intelligence service AIVD) and two recent audits 1 2, I thought it was now time for some real action ;).

然後就挖出不少問題了...

可以看到作者透過 fuzzing 打出一卡車，包含了不少 crash XDDD：(然後有一個是 stack buffer corruption，不知道有沒有機會變成 RCE)

Remote server crashes/double-free/memory leaks in certificate processing (CVE-2017-7521)
Remote (including MITM) client crash, data leak (CVE-2017-7520)
Remote (including MITM) client stack buffer corruption
Remote server crash (forced assertion failure) (CVE-2017-7508)
Crash mbed TLS/PolarSSL-based server (CVE-2017-7522)
Stack buffer overflow if long –tls-cipher is given

Slack 的 Screen Sharing

Slack 付費版將有 Screen Sharing 的功能了，對於 Remote Work 的團隊又更方便了：「Screen sharing comes to Slack video calls」。

When you’re working with teammates over a Slack video call, you may have something — a document, a chunk of code, the latest designs — that you want to share with your team. Now you can. Screen sharing is now available across teams on Slack’s paid plans.

需要使用 Windows 與 Mac 版的 desktop 處理：

Screen sharing is rolling out over the next few days to paid teams on the latest versions of our Slack for Mac and Slack for Windows desktop apps.

iOS 透過無線網路的 RCE...

在「About the security content of iOS 10.3.1」這邊的說明：

Available for: iPhone 5 and later, iPad 4th generation and later, iPod touch 6th generation and later
Impact: An attacker within range may be able to execute arbitrary code on the Wi-Fi chip
Description: A stack buffer overflow was addressed through improved input validation.
CVE-2017-6975: Gal Beniamini of Google Project Zero

這描述看起來就不太妙...

用 SessionGopher 拉出機器上各種密碼與 Key

同事在 Slack 上提到 fireeye/SessionGopher 這個工具，可以從機器上拉出各種敏感資訊：

SessionGopher is a PowerShell tool that uses WMI to extract saved session information for remote access tools such as WinSCP, PuTTY, SuperPuTTY, FileZilla, and Microsoft Remote Desktop. It can be run remotely or locally.

方法是掃 registry 或是硬碟：

SessionGopher works by querying the HKEY_USERS hive for all users who have logged onto a domain-joined box at some point. It extracts PuTTY, WinSCP, SuperPuTTY, FileZilla, and RDP saved session information. It automatically extracts and decrypts WinSCP, FileZilla, and SuperPuTTY saved passwords. When run in Thorough mode, it also searches all drives for PuTTY private key files (.ppk) and extracts all relevant private key information, including the key itself, as well as for Remote Desktop (.rdp) and RSA (.sdtid) files.

是個... 好玩... 的... 東西...

MySQL 全系列的安全性漏洞

包含 MySQL 本家與所有從 MySQL 改出去的分支都中了，引用 Percona 的通報：「Percona Server Critical Update CVE-2016-6662」。

This is a CRITICAL update, and the fix mitigates the potential for remote root code execution.

原始的 security advisory 在「CVE-2016-6662 - MySQL Remote Root Code Execution / Privilege Escalation ( 0day )」這邊，雖然是標 0day，但發現的人在七月時就有先通報給 vendor 們讓他們有時間修正：

The vulnerability was reported to Oracle on 29th of July 2016 and triaged by the security team. It was also reported to the other affected vendors including PerconaDB and MariaDB.

Oracle 還沒修正，也就是 upstream 目前仍然是有問題的，目前得靠其他 vendor 修正：

Official patches for the vulnerability are not available at this time for Oracle MySQL server.

其中 Percona 與 MariaDB 都已經先推出修正版本了：

The vulnerabilities were patched by PerconaDB and MariaDB vendors by the end of 30th of August.

然後看了一下這個漏洞，從 SQL 指令可以做檔案操作一路打出來... 可以看到範例：

mysql> set global general_log_file = '/etc/my.cnf';
mysql> set global general_log = on;
mysql> select '
    '> 
    '> ; injected config entry
    '> 
    '> [mysqld]
    '> malloc_lib=/tmp/mysql_exploit_lib.so
    '> 
    '> [separator]
    '> 
    '> ';
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global general_log = off;

這下苦了...

Cisco 與 Fortinet 防火牆的 RCE 漏洞

NSA 使用這些漏洞來大量監聽企業的流量：「Leaked Exploits are Legit and Belong to NSA: Cisco, Fortinet and Snowden Docs Confirm」。

Cisco 已經確認這個安全性漏洞了，全系列包括已經停產的 Cisco PIX、上個世代的 Cisco ASA 5500 (但還有些型號還在賣)，以及目前主力的 Cisco ASA 5500-X，另外還包括了安全模組系列也中獎：「Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance SNMP Remote Code Execution Vulnerability」。

Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances
Cisco ASA 5500-X Series Next-Generation Firewalls
Cisco ASA Services Module for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers
Cisco ASA 1000V Cloud Firewall
Cisco Adaptive Security Virtual Appliance (ASAv)
Cisco Firepower 4100 Series
Cisco Firepower 9300 ASA Security Module
Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software
Cisco Firewall Services Module (FWSM)*
Cisco Industrial Security Appliance 3000
Cisco PIX Firewalls*

標星號的是目前已經沒有在維護的產品，這次只確認受到影響，但不會更新：

Cisco Firewall Service Modules and Cisco PIX Firewalls have passed the last day of software support milestone as stated in the published End of Life (EoL) documents. Further investigations into these devices will not be performed, and fixed software will not be made available.

這次 Cisco 的安全性問題是 SNMP 的洞造成的：

Administrators are advised to allow only trusted users to have SNMP access and to monitor affected systems using the snmp-server host command.

這個洞被 NSA 用來寫 exploit 植入系統：

This flaw was included inside two NSA exploits, dubbed EPICBANANA as well as JETPLOW, which is an enhanced version of EPICBANANA, but with better persistence capabilities, Cisco's Omar Santos said in a blog post.

在 NSA 洩漏出來的文件裡可以看到 ace02468bdf13579 這個特殊辨識字串，而在受感染的樣本上也找到了這個痕跡：