Brendan Gregg 整理了 Amazon EC2 的各種虛擬化技術以及效能的比較：「AWS EC2 Virtualization 2017」，從他做的這張圖可以看到最新的兩個技術 (編號 7 與 8) 的效能相當好：
主要分成三種虛擬化技術：
- Virtualized in Software: While this can support an unmodified guest OS, many operations are emulated and slow. Apps may run 2x to 10x slower, or worse.
- Paravirtualization: The hypervisor provides efficient hypercalls, and the guest OS uses drivers and kernel modifications to call these hypercalls. It's using software and coordination between the hypervisor and guest to improve performance. I'd expect measurable overhead of 10% to 50% (depending on the PV type and workload).
- Virtualized in Hardware: Hardware support for virtualization, and near bare-metal speeds. I'd expect between 0.1% and 1.5% overhead.
用硬體虛擬化的過程... 然後最後也推出 bare metal 的機器 XD