For cutting-edge platforms such as NVIDIA Grace Hopper or NVIDIA Blackwell, you must use the open-source GPU kernel modules. The proprietary drivers are unsupported on these platforms.
For older GPUs from the Maxwell, Pascal, or Volta architectures, the open-source GPU kernel modules are not compatible with your platform. Continue to use the NVIDIA proprietary driver.
Starting in the release 560 series, it will be recommended to use the open flavor of NVIDIA Linux Kernel Modules 204 wherever possible (Turing or later GPUs, or Ada or later when using GPU virtualization).
點進去看「Open Linux Kernel Modules」這頁可以看到開源版本有一些專屬功能 (在「The following features will only work with the open kernel modules flavor of the driver」這段)，蛋也有一些功能是開源版本沒有的 (在「The following features are not yet supported by the open kernel modules」這段)。
Too many changes to list, but broadly:
* Remove Intel GPU support from the compiler
* Add AMD GPU support to the compiler
* Remove Intel GPU host code
* Add AMD GPU host code
* More device instructions. From 40 to 68
* More host functions. From 48 to 184
* Add proof of concept implementation of OptiX framework
* Add minimal support of cuDNN, cuBLAS, cuSPARSE, cuFFT, NCCL, NVML
* Improve ZLUDA launcher for Windows
Why is this project suddenly back after 3 years? What happened to Intel GPU support?
In 2021 I was contacted by Intel about the development od ZLUDA. I was an Intel employee at the time. While we were building a case for ZLUDA internally, I was asked for a far-reaching discretion: not to advertise the fact that Intel was evaluating ZLUDA and definitely not to make any commits to the public ZLUDA repo. After some deliberation, Intel decided that there is no business case for running CUDA applications on Intel GPUs.
Shortly thereafter I got in contact with AMD and in early 2022 I have left Intel and signed a ZLUDA development contract with AMD. Once again I was asked for a far-reaching discretion: not to advertise the fact that AMD is evaluating ZLUDA and definitely not to make any commits to the public ZLUDA repo. After two years of development and some deliberation, AMD decided that there is no business case for running CUDA applications on AMD GPUs.
One of the terms of my contract with AMD was that if AMD did not find it fit for further development, I could release it. Which brings us to today.
這個其實還蠻好理解的，CUDA 畢竟是 Nvidia 家的 ecosystem，除非你反超越後自己定義一堆自家專屬的功能 (像是當年 Microsoft 在 IE 上的玩法)，不然只是幫人抬轎。
Phoronix 在 open source 前幾天先拿到軟體進行測試，而他這幾天測試的結果給了「頗不賴」的評價：
Andrzej Janik reached out and provided access to the new ZLUDA implementation for AMD ROCm to allow me to test it out and benchmark it in advance of today's planned public announcement. I've been testing it out for a few days and it's been a positive experience: CUDA-enabled software indeed running atop ROCm and without any changes. Even proprietary renderers and the like working with this "CUDA on Radeon" implementation.
另外為了避免測試時有些測試軟體會回傳到伺服器造成資訊外洩，ZLUDA 在這邊故意設定為 Graphics Device，而在這次 open source 公開後會改回正式的名稱：
In my screenshots and for the past two years of development the exposed device name for Radeon GPUs via CUDA has just been "Graphics Device" rather than the actual AMD Radeon graphics adapter with ROCm. The reason for this has been due to CUDA benchmarks auto-reporting results and other software that may have automated telemetry, to avoid leaking the fact of Radeon GPU use under CUDA, it's been set to the generic "Graphics Device" string. I'm told as part of today's open-sourcing of this ZLUDA on Radeon code that the change will be in place to expose the actual Radeon graphics card string rather than the generic "Graphics Device" concealer.
從一些描述上可以看出來，應該是因為 Datacenter 端的動力推動的，所以這次 open source 的版本中，對 Datacenter GPU 的支援是 production level，但對 GeForce GPU 與 Workstation GPU 的支援直接掛 alpha level：
Which GPUs are supported by Open GPU Kernel Modules?
Open kernel modules support all Ampere and Turing GPUs. Datacenter GPUs are supported for production, and support for GeForce and Workstation GPUs is alpha quality. Please refer to the Datacenter, NVIDIA RTX, and GeForce product tables for more details (Turing and above have compute capability of 7.5 or greater).
然後 user-mode driver 還是 closed source：
Will the source for user-mode drivers such as CUDA be published?
These changes are for the kernel modules; while the user-mode components are untouched. So the user-mode will remain closed source and published with pre-built binaries in the driver and the CUDA toolkit.
對 nouveau 來說，是可以從 open source driver 裡面挖一些東西出來用，不過能挖到跟 proprietary 同樣效能水準嗎？
The new metrics inform customers in real time of network traffic impacted when instance allowances for inbound and outbound bandwidth, packets-per-second (PPS), connections tracked and PPS to link-local services are exceeded.
需要有最新的 ENA driver 才會提供 (看了一下現有的機器沒出現這些值 XD)：
These metrics are available today in all global commercial AWS regions on instances running the latest version of the Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) driver with support for Linux, Windows ENA driver support will be available soon with version 2.2.2.0.
不另外收費：
They can be accessed from within the instance at no extra cost using simple command line tools.
這個功能在所有 AWS 商業區以及 GovCloud (US) 都已經上線：
Instance Level Network Performance Metrics is available in all AWS Commercial and GovCloud (US) Regions, with the exception of China (Beijing) and China (Ningxia).
The new exFAT file-system driver that replaces the exFAT driver in the staging area that had been around for a few releases. This new exFAT driver is in much better shape and actively maintained by Samsung.
One of the biggest advantages we have is the huge driver-partner fleet we have on the ground in cities across Southeast Asia. They know the roads and cities like the back of their hand, and they are resourceful. As a result, they are often able to find the restaurants and complete orders even if the location was registered incorrectly.
Fraction of the orders where the pick-up location was not “at” the restaurant: This fraction indicates the number of orders with a pick-up location not near the registered restaurant location (with near being defined both spatially and temporally as above). A higher value indicates a higher likelihood of the restaurant not being in the registered location subject to order volume
Median distance between registered and estimated locations: This factor is used to rank restaurants by a notion of “importance”. A restaurant which is just outside the fixed radius from above can be addressed after another restaurant which is a kilometer away.
California’s Department of Motor Vehicles established new rules announced Monday that will allow tech companies and others working on driverless vehicle systems to begin trialling their cars without a safety driver at the wheel. The new rules go into effect starting April 2.
不過不是完全獨立運作，而是有附加條件，讓遠端的控制中心可以在必要時介入：
This doesn’t mean test vehicles will be out there on the roads without any kind of human intervention backup – the DMV will require that those testing autonomous cars without a driver present have a dedicated communications channel that ties the car to a remote operator, who can take over if needed. The cars will also need to be hardened against cyber attacks and be able to provide their owner and operator info to any other parties in the event of an accident.
