dns64

AWS 的 Anycast 服務 AWS Global Accelerator 宣佈支援 IPv6：「New for AWS Global Accelerator – Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Support」。

算是補功能，不過這個功能只對於「純 IPv6 環境」的使用者端有用 (沒有 DNS64 + NAT64 的轉換)，目前商轉給一般使用者用的 IPv6 環境應該都還是有掛 DNS64 + NAT64 才對...

另外使用這個功能會需要 VPC 有 IPv6 能力：

To test this new feature, I need a dual-stack application with an ALB entry point. The application must be deployed in Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) and support IPv6 traffic.

然後 IPv4 會進到 IPv4 的服務裡，IPv6 則會進到 IPv6 的服務裡：

Protocol translation is not supported, neither IPv4 to IPv6 nor IPv6 to IPv4. For example, Global Accelerator will not allow me to configure a dual-stack accelerator with an IPv4-only ALB endpoint. Also, for IPv6 ALB endpoints, client IP preservation must be enabled.

短時間還用不太到，但之後應該有機會...

AWS 宣佈了一套機制，讓 IPv6-only 的機器可以連到 IPv4-only 的服務：「Let Your IPv6-only Workloads Connect to IPv4 Services」。

首先是 DNS64，針對只有 IPv4-only 的 A record 自動加上 AAAA record (如果已經有 AAAA record 的則不變)，這邊提到的 64:ff9b::/96 是來自 DNS64 標準內的規範：

The DNS resolver first checks if the record contains an IPv6 address (AAAA record). If it does, the IPv6 address is returned. The IPv6 host can connect to the service using just IPv6. When the record only contains an IPv4 address, the Route 53 resolver synthesizes an IPv6 address by prepending the well-known 64:ff9b::/96 prefix to the IPv4 address.

再來就是 NAT Gateway 可以把 64:ff9b::/96 透過 NAT64 轉到 IPv4 network 上：

You may configure subnet routing to send all packets starting with 64:ff9b::/96 to the NAT gateway. The NAT gateway recognizes the IPv6 address prefix, extracts the IPv4 address from it, and initiates an IPv4 connection to the destination. As usual, the source IPv4 address is the IPv4 address of the NAT gateway itself.

由於有些 protocol 會帶 IP address 資訊，所以不能保證 NAT64 一定會動，但大多數的情況應該是可以解決，至少提供了 IPv6-only server 連到 IPv4-only network 上的方法...