Python 3 的 Dict 將會有重大的改變：「[Python-Dev] Python 3.6 dict becomes compact and gets a private version; and keywords become ordered」。
在 3.5 時：
Python 3.5.1 (default, Jun 20 2016, 14:48:22)
>>> def func(**kw): print(kw.keys())
...
>>> func(a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5)
dict_keys(['c', 'd', 'e', 'b', 'a']) # random order
對上目前還在開發的 3.6：
Python 3.6.0a4+ (default:d43f819caea7, Sep 8 2016, 13:05:34)
>>> def func(**kw): print(kw.keys())
...
>>> func(a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5)
dict_keys(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']) # expected order
在「Compact and ordered dict」這邊可以看到記憶體的使用量降低：
It seems like the memory usage is between 20% and 25% smaller. Great job!
Memory usage, Python 3.5 => Python 3.6 on Linux x86_64:
./python -c 'import sys; print(sys.getsizeof({str(i):i for i in range(10)}))'
* 10 items: 480 B => 384 B (-20%)
* 100 items: 6240 B => 4720 B (-24%)
* 1000 items: 49248 B => 36984 B (-25%)
Note: the size is the the size of the container itself, not of keys nor values.
不過效能上似乎慢了一些：
3% slowdown in microbench is not surprising.
Compact dict introduces one additional indirection.
Instead, I've added freelist for most compact PyDictKeys.
So I think overall performance is almost same to before compact dict.
不過也有人提到應該拿 3.5 + patch 測，而不是直接拿 3.6 測：
There are a lot of other changes in interpreter core between 3.5 and 3.5 (such as new bytecode and optimized function calls). Could you compare the performance between the version just before adding new dict implementation and the version just after this?
看起來後續還在進行中...
