By analyzing our dataset further, we found the common underlying cause appeared to be the high number of page faults incurred at level 9. Ampere has demonstrated that by increasing the page size from 4K to 64K bytes, we can alleviate the bottleneck and bring the Ampere Altra at parity with the AWS Graviton2. We plan to experiment with large page sizes in the future as we continue to evaluate Altra.
但目前看起來應該都還算正向，看起來供貨如果穩定的話，應該有機會換過去？畢竟 ARM 平台可以省下來的電力太多了，現在因為 M1 對 ARM 的公關效果太驚人的關係，解釋起來會更輕鬆...
However, when compared to G4dn the new G4ad instances enable up to 45% better price performance for graphics-intensive workloads, including the aforementioned game streaming, remote graphics workstations, and rendering scenarios. Compared to an equally-sized G4dn instance, G4ad instances offer up to 40% improvement in performance.
1/ In case you were wondering: Apple's replacement for Intel processors turns out to work really, really well. Some otherwise skeptical techies are calling it "black magic". It runs Intel code extraordinarily well.
看起來 Apple 在規劃的時候就有考慮 x86 模擬問題，所以在記憶體架構上直接實做了對應的模式，大幅降低了當年 Microsoft 在 Surface 上遇到的問題：
3/ The biggest hurdle was "memory-ordering", the order in which two CPUs see modifications in memory by each other. It's the biggest problem affecting Microsoft's emulation of x86 on their Arm-based "Surface" laptops.
4/ So Apple simply cheated. They added Intel's memory-ordering to their CPU. When running translated x86 code, they switch the mode of the CPU to conform to Intel's memory ordering.
13/ Apple's strategy is to use two processors: one designed to run fast above 3 GHz, and the other to run slow below 2 GHz. Apple calls this their "performance" and "efficiency" processors. Each optimized to be their best at their goal.
The M1 has four high-performance "Firestorm" and four energy-efficient "Icestorm" cores, providing a configuration similar to ARM big.LITTLE and Intel's Lakefield processors. This combination allows power-use optimizations not possible with Apple–Intel architecture devices. Apple claims the energy-efficient cores use one tenth the power of the high-performance ones. The high-performance cores have 192 KB of instruction cache and 128 KB of data cache and share a 12 MB L2 cache; the energy-efficient cores have a 128 KB instruction cache, 64 KB data cache, and a shared 4 MB L2 cache. The Icestorm "E cluster" has a frequency of 0.6–2.064 GHz and a maximum power consumption of 1.3 W. The Firestorm "P cluster" has a frequency of 0.6–3.204 GHz and a maximum power consumption of 13.8 W.
You can choose between M6g and R6g instance families and three database engines (MySQL 8.0.17 and higher, MariaDB 10.4.13 and higher, and PostgreSQL 12.3 and higher).
官方宣稱可以提供 35% 的效能提昇，考慮費用的部份會有 52% 的 c/p 值提昇：
Graviton2 instances provide up to 35% performance improvement and up to 52% price-performance improvement for RDS open source databases, based on internal testing of workloads with varying characteristics of compute and memory requirements.
對於 RDS 這種純粹就是個服務的應用來說，感覺應該不會有什麼轉移成本，只要測過沒問題，換過去等於就是現賺的。看起來等 RI 約滿了就可以切...
Using T4g instances you can enjoy a performance benefit of up to 40% at a 20% lower cost in comparison to T3 instances, providing the best price/performance for a broader spectrum of workloads.
不過目前公司的主力還是在新加坡區，而且還有 RI 在跑，等有了 t4g 之後再把一些東西丟上去測看看，然後找時間換過去...
