Tag: answer

用程式解數學邏輯問題...

在 Hacker News Daily 上看到的數學邏輯問題：「“Which answer in this list is the correct answer to this question?”」。

問題是這樣：

Which answer in this list is the correct answer to this question?

  • All of the below.
  • None of the below.
  • All of the above.
  • One of the above.
  • None of the above.
  • None of the above.

accepted 的那個是推演的答案，但最高分的那個是寫程式窮舉 XDDD (不得不說大家都很愛這味...)

PChome 修正了問題，以及 RFC 4074 的說明

早些時候測試發現 PChome 已經修正了之前提到的問題：「PChome 24h 連線會慢的原因...」、「PChome 24h 連線會慢的原因... (續篇)」，這邊除了整理一下以外，也要修正之前文章裡的錯誤。

在 RFC 4074 (Common Misbehavior Against DNS Queries for IPv6 Addresses) 裡面提到了當你只有 IPv4 address 時，DNS server 要怎麼回應的問題。

在「3. Expected Behavior」說明了正確的作法，當只有 A RR 沒有 AAAA RR 的時候，應該要傳回 NOERROR，而 answer section 裡面不要放東西：

Suppose that an authoritative server has an A RR but has no AAAA RR for a host name. Then, the server should return a response to a query for an AAAA RR of the name with the response code (RCODE) being 0 (indicating no error) and with an empty answer section (see Sections 4.3.2 and 6.2.4 of [1]). Such a response indicates that there is at least one RR of a different type than AAAA for the queried name, and the stub resolver can then look for A RRs.

在「4.2. Return "Name Error"」裡提到，如果傳回 NXDOMAIN (3)，表示查詢的這個名稱完全沒有 RR，而不僅僅限於 AAAA record，這就是我犯的錯誤 (在前面的文章建議傳回 NXDOMAIN)：

This type of server returns a response with RCODE 3 ("Name Error") to a query for an AAAA RR, indicating that it does not have any RRs of any type for the queried name.

With this response, the stub resolver may immediately give up and never fall back. Even if the resolver retries with a query for an A RR, the negative response for the name has been cached in the caching server, and the caching server will simply return the negative response. As a result, the stub resolver considers this to be a fatal error in name resolution.

Several examples of this behavior are known to the authors. As of this writing, all have been fixed.

PChome 這次的修正回應了正確的值 (而不是我提到的 NXDOMAIN)：

$ dig shopping.gs1.pchome.com.tw aaaa @ns1.gs1.pchome.com.tw

; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-3ubuntu0.16-Ubuntu <<>> shopping.gs1.pchome.com.tw aaaa @ns1.gs1.pchome.com.tw
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40767
;; flags: qr aa rd ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1280
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;shopping.gs1.pchome.com.tw.    IN      AAAA

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
gs1.pchome.com.tw.      5       IN      SOA     ns1.gs1.pchome.com.tw. root.dns.pchome.com.tw. 20171123 3600 3 3600 5

;; Query time: 16 msec
;; SERVER: 210.242.216.91#53(210.242.216.91)
;; WHEN: Fri Nov 24 01:44:52 CST 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 134

另外 RFC 也有一些其他的文件可以參考，像是 RFC 2308 (Negative Caching of DNS Queries (DNS NCACHE))、RFC 4697 (Observed DNS Resolution Misbehavior) 以及 RFC 8020 (NXDOMAIN: There Really Is Nothing Underneath)，這些文件描述了蠻多常見的問題以及正確的處理方法，讀完對於現在愈來愈複雜的 DNS 架構有不少幫助。