Windows 98 安裝的三階段

看到「Why does part of the Windows 98 Setup program look older than the rest? (2020) (retrocomputing.stackexchange.com)」這個,原文是 2020 的討論:「Why does part of the Windows 98 Setup program look older than the rest?」。

問題是 Windows 98 的安裝過程中段可以看出來有 Windows 3.1 介面的感覺,像這樣:

而到了後段又是 Windows 98 的感覺,作者覺得 UI 介面風格不一致的問題...

回答的人則是解釋得很清楚,第一階段是 DOS 階段,會把 Windows 3.1 環境疊出來:

The first, which can run from the setup floppies and/or CD-ROM, uses a DOS program (DOSSETUP.BIN) to set up disk partitions, run various checks etc.:

This phases finishes by copying a minimal version of Windows 3.1 to the target installation drive, in a temporary directory (normally WININST0.400), containing DOSX.EXE, USER.EXE, GDI.EXE, KRNL386.EXE, LZEXPAND.DLL etc. (see MINI.CAB).

第二階段則是 Windows 3.1 環境,把 Windows 98 大多數的東西都複製到硬碟上:

The second uses this minimal Windows 3.1 to run a Windows 3 program, W98SETUP.BIN (specified as the “shell” in SYSTEM.INI):

This starts by copying more files to support all the information-gathering during setup, and various other niceties including the 3D look shown in your screenshot (the contents of the PRECOPY CABs); it ends by copying most of Windows 98, setting the system up so that it will boot Windows 98 from the target drive, and rebooting.

第三階段則是 Windows 98 環境,執行後續的設定程式:

The third runs after the first boot into Windows 98, from Windows 98:

而且也提到了當年可以升級作業系統的情況 (雖然我自己偏好重裝):

It is also possible to initiate the setup process from any of the above environments, which is how Windows 98 handles upgrades (from MS-DOS, or Windows 3, or Windows 95).

是個解釋遺跡的現場 XDDD

Mac (M1/M2) 上的 Asahi Linux 支援 OpenGL ES 3.1

在「The first conformant M1 GPU driver」這邊看到 Mac (M1 系列與 M2 系列) 上的 Asahi Linux 支援 OpenGL ES 3.1 了。

文章裡面有提到,目前 macOS 上沒有業界標準介面可以用:

Unlike ours, the manufacturer’s M1 drivers are unfortunately not conformant for any standard graphics API, whether Vulkan or OpenGL or OpenGL ES. That means that there is no guarantee that applications using the standards will work on your M1/M2 (if you’re not running Linux).

也許有機會會看到有人 backport 回 macOS 上?

Windows 3.1 下的 GPT client

前幾天在 Hacker News 上看到「Show HN: WinGPT – AI assistant for Windows 3.1 (dialup.net)」這篇,原始文章「WinGPT: AI Assistant for Windows 3.1」在介紹 Windows 3.1 下的 GPT client。

雖然反差很大 (一個 20 世紀的 GUI 環境配上最新科技),但從 Hacker News 的討論可以看到,最熱烈的是在 16-bit 環境下實作 TLS 1.3 連線,也就原文裡的這段,提到了他是原生支援 TLS 1.3:

WinGPT connects to the OpenAI API server natively with TLS 1.3, so it doesn't require a proxy on a modern machine to terminate TLS. To see how I did this and some of the challenges, take a look at Modern TLS on 16-bit Windows. (As you'll see on that page, this is not a secure implementation).

不過他不是從零開始解,而是基於 wolfSSL 的實作,因為 wolfSSL 有支援 16-bit compiler,就不需要從零開始:

WolfSSL stood out among the pack as it had explicit 16-bit compiler support while being fully-featured and well-supported.

這是讓人看到會「蛤?」的東西 XD