RFC 9512:application/yaml

看到「RFC 9512: YAML Media Type」這個,原來還沒有註冊 application/yaml 啊...

另外在 media type 的文件裡面,意外的給出了安全性的建議:

Code execution in deserializers should be disabled by default and only be enabled explicitly. In the latter case, the implementation should ensure (for example, via specific functions) that the code execution results in strictly bounded time/memory limits.

這邊用的是 should 不是 SHOULD,所以當一般的英文句子在讀,而非具有規範性的敘述。

但還是給了預設關閉 code execution 的建議...

瀏覽器裡同一個節點上 JavaScript 的事件觸發順序

瀏覽器裡 JavaScript 的事件觸發順序是先 capture 再 bubble,這個在「Event order」這邊就有一些歷史解釋,IE8 以前只有 capture 模式,到了 IE9+ 才支援,在「Event API: bubbles」這邊也可以看到。

但如果是同一個節點上面的事件觸發順序 (假設同樣是 capture 或是同樣是 bubble),在「Are event handlers in JavaScript called in order?」這邊有些整理資料。

2000 年的「Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Events Specification」這邊提到沒有定義順序:

When the event reaches the target, any event listeners registered on the EventTarget are triggered. Although all EventListeners on the EventTarget are guaranteed to be triggered by any event which is received by that EventTarget, no specification is made as to the order in which they will receive the event with regards to the other EventListeners on the EventTarget.

在早期的 draft「Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Events Specification」裡面可以看到:

Next, the implementation must determine the current target's candidate event listeners. This must be the list of all event listeners that have been registered on the current target in their order of registration. [HTML5] defines the ordering of listeners registered through event handler attributes.

但在最新的「UI Events」(要注意這還是 draft,在 2016 年更新的) 則是拿掉了這段。

所以在設計架構時,正常還是得保守的假設沒有保證執行順序...

Mozilla 把對各種規格的態度整理成一個網頁

查資料的時候看到「Mozilla Specification Positions」這個,可以看到 Mozilla 對各種規格的態度,分成幾個不同的類型。

有「under consideration」、「important」、「worth prototyping」這幾個從名字上就大概猜的出來意思,接下來的幾個比較有趣的是「non-harmful」、「defer」與「harmful」。

官方的說明是:

  • under consideration: Mozilla's position on this specification is being discussed.
  • important: This specification is conceptually good and is important to Mozilla.
  • worth prototyping: Mozilla sees this specification as conceptually good, and worth prototyping, getting feedback on its value, and iterating.
  • non-harmful: Mozilla does not see this specification as harmful, but is not convinced that it is a good approach or worth working on.
  • defer: Mozilla does not intend to look at this specification at all in the near future.
  • harmful: Mozilla considers this specification to be harmful in its current state.

所以之後看到一些標準時可以過來這邊看看 Mozilla 的態度...

Google 與 AWS 都釋出往 OpenTelemetry 靠攏的消息

前幾天看到 GoogleAWS 都釋出往 OpenTelemetry 靠攏的消息:「OpenTelemetry's First Release Candidates」以及「Public Preview – AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry」。

AWS 這邊的 AWS X-Ray 看起來跟 OpenTelemetry 有點關係,找了一下果然發現之前有些計畫在跑:「AWS X-Ray SDK w/ OpenTelemetry API」,不過看起來後續應該是由「AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry」這個計畫接手了。

另外 Google 這邊看起來則是 Cloud Trace 這個產品線,本來在推的 OpenCensusOpenTracing 從網站上可以看到決定會再支援兩年,但重心會改放到 OpenTelemetry 上:

OpenCensus and OpenTracing have merged to form OpenTelemetry, which serves as the next major version of OpenCensus and OpenTracing. OpenTelemetry will offer backwards compatibility with existing OpenCensus integrations, and we will continue to make security patches to existing OpenCensus libraries for two years.

翻了一下 Azure 相關的消息,先前有一些稿子是會往 OpenTelemetry 支援,但這一波沒看到新聞稿...

BiglyBT 支援 BitTorrent v2

先前提到的「libtorrent 宣佈支援 BitTorrent v2」,BiglyBT 整合完了:「BiglyBT is the First Torrent Client to Support the BitTorrent V2 Spec」。

看了一下 BiglyBT 的介紹,主要是因為當初 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuze 變成 adware 之後分支出來的:

BiglyBT is a feature filled, open source, ad-free, bittorrent client.

BiglyBT is the continuation of the Vuze/Azureus open source project first created in 2003, and is being actively developed by the original coders.

不過這是 Java 寫的 client,目前需求也不大,我自己應該還是會繼續等 qBittorrent 支援,看起來在這邊:「BitTorrent v2 #13344」,不過現在看起來沒什麼進展...

微軟授權讓 exFAT 進 Linux Kernel 的新聞...

最近還蠻紅的新聞之一,Microsoft 官方決定讓 Linux Kernel 可以實做 exFAT:「exFAT in the Linux kernel? Yes!」。公開的規格書在「exFAT file system specification」這邊。

先前一直有 patch,所以技術上一直不是大問題,真正沒進 kernel 的原因之一就是專利,現在微軟的授權也不是開放給所有使用 Linux 的人?而是以 OIN 會員為主:

We also support the eventual inclusion of a Linux kernel with exFAT support in a future revision of the Open Invention Network’s Linux System Definition, where, once accepted, the code will benefit from the defensive patent commitments of OIN’s 3040+ members and licensees.

不知道 Linux 這邊會不會喊卡,感覺不是什麼善意,更像是 PR 性的攻擊...

新出的 RFC 8259:The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format

JSON 的規格書又被更新了 XD

在「The Last JSON Spec」這邊,Tim Bray 寫了這篇關於新的 RFC 8259 跟之前的差異,以及大家對於雙重標準的顧慮。

最大的差異在於,在 RFC 8259 規定了「如果 JSON 被用在非封閉的系統交換資料,必須使用 UTF-8」:

8259 con­tains one new sen­tence: “JSON text ex­changed be­tween sys­tems that are not part of a closed ecosys­tem MUST be en­cod­ed us­ing UTF-8 [RFC3629].” Giv­en that, by 2017, an at­tempt to ex­change JSON en­cod­ed in any­thing but UTF-8 would be ir­ra­tional, this hard­ly needs say­ing; but its ab­sence felt like an omis­sion.

而關於 ECMA-404 與 RFC 8259 都定義了 JSON 的問題他也說明了,因為很多人花了很多力氣在確保這兩份文件的正確性上,所以應該不會有問題 (i.e. 衝突):

The rea­son 8259 ex­ists is that the ECMAScript gang went and wrote their own ex­treme­ly min­i­mal spec, Stan­dard ECMA-404: The JSON Da­ta In­ter­change Syn­tax, and there was rea­son for con­cern over du­el­ing stan­dard­s. But, af­ter a cer­tain amount of standards-org elephant-gavotte, each of ECMA 404 and RFC 8259 nor­ma­tive­ly ref­er­ences the oth­er and con­tains a com­mit­ment to keep them con­sis­tent in case any er­rors turn up. Which is a good thing, but this text has been re-examined and re-polished so many times that I doubt ei­ther side will ev­er re­vis­it the ter­ri­to­ry, thank good­ness.

另外他也提到了對於不同情境下可以看不同的文件。像是要了解 JSON 的話,可以看當初發明 JSON 的 Doug Crockford 所設立的網站 (在「JSON」這邊);而在交換時應該參考 I-JSON (Internet JSON,RFC 7493):

Which spec should you use? · If you want to un­der­stand JSON syn­tax, you still can’t beat Doug Crockford’s orig­i­nal for­mu­la­tion at JSON.org. If you want to use an RFC as foun­da­tion for a REST API or some oth­er In­ter­net pro­to­col, I ac­tu­al­ly don’t rec­om­mend 8259, I rec­om­mend I-JSON, RFC 7493, which de­scribes ex­act­ly the same syn­tax as all the oth­er specs (by ref­er­enc­ing 7159), but ex­plic­it­ly rules out some legal-but-dumbass things you could do that might break your pro­to­col, for ex­am­ple us­ing any­thing but UTF-8 or hav­ing du­pli­cate mem­ber names in your ob­ject­s.

I-JSON 是 JSON 的子集合,比較重要的:

  • (MUST) 使用 UTF-8。
  • (SHOULD NOT) 浮點數的部份,不得超過 IEEE 754-2008 binary64 (double precision) 的範圍。
  • (SHOULD NOT) 整數的部份,不得超過 [-(2**53)+1, (2**53)-1]) 的範圍。
  • (RECOMMEND) 有超過的需求使用字串表示。
  • (MUST NOT) JSON object 內不得有重複的 name。
  • (SHOULD NOT) 最上層的型態不得使用字串,只能使用 object 或是 array。
  • (MUST NOT) 遇到先前沒有定義過的元素不得視為錯誤。(像是新版 API 內會在 object 裡增加元素)
  • (RECOMMEND) 時間使用 ISO 8601 表示 (在 RFC 3339 有提到),英文字的部份全部使用大寫,一定要標上時區,而秒數的 0 一定要加上去 (也就是 00 秒)。
  • (RECOMMEND) 時間長度也建議依照 RFC 3339 處理。
  • (RECOMMEND) Binary 資料用 base64url 傳 (RFC 4648)。

IEEE P1735 漏洞,又是 Padding Oracle Attack...

在「IEEE P1735 Encryption Is Broken—Flaws Allow Intellectual Property Theft」這邊看到 US-CERT 發表的「IEEE P1735 implementations may have weak cryptographic protections」,裡面提到的主要漏洞:

The methods are flawed and, in the most egregious cases, enable attack vectors that allow recovery of the entire underlying plaintext IP.

主要應該是第一包:

CVE-2017-13091: improperly specified padding in CBC mode allows use of an EDA tool as a decryption oracle.

又是 CBCpadding oracle attack 啊... 看起來是標準沒有強制定義好造成的?

The main vulnerability (CVE-2017-13091) resides in the IEEE P1735 standard's use of AES-CBC mode.

Since the standard makes no recommendation for any specific padding scheme, the developers often choose the wrong scheme, making it possible for attackers to use a well-known classic padding-oracle attack (POA) technique to decrypt the system-on-chip blueprints without knowledge of the key.

去年 Cloudflare 寫的「Padding oracles and the decline of CBC-mode cipher suites」這邊有提到 padding oracle attack 的方式,比較一般性的解法是避開要自己決定 Encrypt-then-MAC (IPsec;也是數學上證明安全性) 或 Encrypt-and-MAC (SSH) 或是 MAC-then-Encrypt (SSL),而是用 AEAD 類的加密元件直接躲開 padding oracle attack 的某些必要條件 (像是 AES-GCM 或是 ChaCha20-Poly1305)。

不過這也是這幾年大家才了解這樣做的重要性,當年在訂規格的時候都比較沒在在意這些...

EFF 因 DRM 退出 W3C

EFF 一直站在反對 DRM 的立場,這次 W3C 通過並公開 DRM 框架規格後,EFF 決定退出 W3C:「World Wide Web Consortium abandons consensus, standardizes DRM with 58.4% support, EFF resigns」。

不算太意外... EFF 對 DRM 的立場一直都很清楚,非常的清楚...

GitHub 版本的 Markdown 的正式規格

GitHub 自家版本的 Markdown 給出了正式的規格,GitHub Flavored Markdown Spec:「A formal spec for GitHub Flavored Markdown」。

規格裡面把標出 GFM 版本所特有的特性:

When reviewing the GFM spec, you can clearly tell which parts are GFM-specific additions because they’re highlighted as such. You can also tell that no parts of the original spec have been modified and therefore should remain fully compliant with all other implementations.

有種內部在實做時順便整理出來的感覺...